nixonland11
ABBREVIATIONS
BPP: Berrigan Brothers Papers, Cornell University Special Collections, Ithaca, New York
CDN: Chicago Daily News
CT: Chicago Tribune
LAT: Los Angeles Times
LBJCR: “Civil Rights During the Johnson Administration, 1963–1969: A collection from the holdings of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Austin, Texas” (microfilm)
MIP: Files on the events of 1970 collected by Maurice Isserman, in possession of author
MTR: Museum of Television and Radio, New York City
NLT: Nixon Library Tapes transcribed by author, National Archives, College Park, Maryland
NYDN: New York Daily News
NYT: New York Times
NYTM: New York Times Magazine
PDP: Paul Douglas Papers, Chicago History Museum
PDP722: Douglas Papers, Part I, Box 722, 1966 folder
PPP: Public Papers of the Presidents
RNLB: Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace, Yorba Linda, California
USNWR: U.S. News & World Report
WP: Washington Post
WSJ: Wall Street Journal
CHAPTER ELEVEN: FED-UP-NIKS
227 “When Ong Tao, the Spirit”: “Charlie, Come Home!” Time, February 10, 1967.
227 Tet Offensive: Langguth, Our Vietnam, 468–479; Dan T. Carter, The Politics of Rage: George Wallace, the Origin of the New Conservatism, and the Transformation of American Politics (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996), 326; Stanley Kutler, The Wars of Watergate: The Last Crisis of Richard Nixon (New York: W. W. Norton, 1992), 27–28; Peter B. Levy, ed., America in the Sixties—Left, Right, and Center: A Documentary History (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998), 162.
228 Robert F. Kennedy spoke in Chicago: Lewis Chester, Bruce Page, and Godfrey Hodgson, American Melodrama: The Presidential Campaign of 1968 (New York: Viking, 1969), 117; Jeff Shesol, Mutual Contempt: Robert Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, and the Feud That Defined a Decade (New York: W. W. Norton, 1998), 414.
228 Pete Hamill, a young journalist: Ibid., 415; Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 115.
229 McCarthy New Hampshire campaign generally: David C. Hoeh, 1968, McCarthy, New Hampshire: I Hear America Singing (Rochester, MN: Lone Oak Press, 1994). “He seemed like a nice enough”: Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 86. “It is not our policy to ‘have’”: Michael Barone, Our Country: The Shaping of America from Roosevelt to Reagan (New York: Free Press, 1990), 429.
229 “last primitive society on earth”: Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 68. “Stubbornness and penicillin”: Ibid., 70. “I’m twice as liberal as Hubert”: Barone, Our Country, 429.
229 “Do not turn away”: Ibid.
230 McCarthy student volunteers: Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 78–79, 96–99; Langguth, Our Vietnam, 483.
230 Hubert Humphrey addressed the National Book Awards: “Doctor’s Dilemma,” Time, January 12, 1968. Eartha Kitt: “An Activist First Lady Who Succeeded on Her Own Terms,” LAT, July 12, 2007.
230 REMEMBER THE PUEBLO: Steven V. Roberts, Eureka (New York: Quadrangle/New York Times Books, 1974), 20. Americans for Democratic Action endorsement: NYT, February 13, 1968. Lippmann wrote that the president’s reelection: Robert Shogan, Bad News: Where the Press Goes Wrong in the Making of the President (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2001), 27.
231 Governor King began making absurdly high: Jules Witcover, The Resurrection of Richard Nixon (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1970), 265. Richard Goodwin and Seymour Hersh: Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 93.
231 “under any conceivable circumstances”: Barone, Our Country, 433. primary entrance requirements: Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 117. “If there is stealing in Beaumont”: Shesol, Mutual Contempt, 415.
231 A Kennedy-shaped ghost: Stephen C. Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun (New York: Macmillan, 1969), 127. Campaign posters: Hoeh, 1968, photo insert.
231 “Don’t argue with anyone”: Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 127. “Remind them that Vietnam”: Richard Scammon and Ben Wattenberg, The Real Majority: An Extraordinary Examination of the American Electorate (New York: Coward McCann, 1980), 105. The New York Times had reported: Langguth, Our Vietnam, 483.
232 New Hampshire Election Day: Scammon and Wattenberg, Real Majority, 105; Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 126, 134; Shogan, Bad News, 31; Kutler, Wars of Watergate, 30; Langguth, Our Vietnam, 484; Barone, Our Country, 432.
232 Later, two polling experts: Scammon and Wattenberg, Real Majority, 27–28, 90–91.
232 Nixon New Hampshire victory: Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun] (http://www.alibris.com/booksearch?title=winning%27s+a+lot+more+fun), 134; [Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 259.
232 Romney in New Hampshire and Wisconsin: Garry Wills, Nixon Agonistes: The Crisis of the Self-Made Man (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970), 2; Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 123, 131, 134; Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 100; Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 228, 246, 251.
232 Nixon’s New Hampshire campaign opening: Ibid., 232, 245; Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 131.
233 Nixon market research: Leonard Garment, Crazy Rhythm: From Brooklyn and Jazz to Nixon’s White House, Watergate, and Beyond (New York: Crown, 1997), 57–58.
233 “During fourteen years in Washington”: Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 232. They spent hours haggling: Richard J. Whalen, Catch the Falling Flag: A Republican’s Challenge to His Party (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972), 77. “You can’t handshake your way”: Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 232.
233 His Concord speech: Whalen, Catch the Falling Flag, 78. This campaign, he promised: Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 245.])http://books.google.com/books?ei=z_lDSJ3QCIfKjgHyh82IBQ&id=D2pCAAAAIAAJ&dq=resurrection+of+Richard+Nixon&q=%22newest+ever+seen%22&pgis=1)
233 Mike Douglas and Roger Ailes: [Garment, Crazy Rhythm, 128–32; Joe McGinniss, The Selling of the President (New York: Penguin, 1970), 59–60; “Mommy’s Boy,” Time, October 6, 1967.
234 Harry Treleaven: McGinniss, Selling of the President, 134–37; Garment, Crazy Rhythm, 131–33. George H. W. Bush memo: McGinniss, 39–40.
235 “We’re going to build this whole campaign”: Ibid., 81.
235 Romney and Vietnam: “Romney Terms War in Vietnam His Key Issue in New Hampshire,” NYT, February 16, 1968; “Romney Grabbing the Peace Issue,” NYT, February 22, 1968. Jules Witcover thought: Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 228.
235 NIXON’S THE ONE: Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 81. Nixon Vietnam speeches: “Nixon Cheered After First ’68 Swing,” NYT, February 11, 1968; “Nixon Developing a Vietnam Stand,” NYT, February 14, 1968.
236 He got the world’s attention: Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 257.
236 Dirty tricks against Romney: “A Troublesome Day,” NYT, February 17, 1968; Ryan Hayes interview.
236 Romney withdrawal: Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 132; Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 246. “Rockefeller Could Open a Campaign”: NYT, February 29, 1968.
236 “I take no pleasure, no gratification”: “Rockefeller Is Urged by Nixon to Make Race in the Primaries,” NYT, March 1, 1968.
237 Hughes Commission and responses: Ron Porambo, No Cause for Indictment: An Autopsy of Newark (New York: Holt, 1971; republished in 2007 by Melville House), 27; NYT, February 11, 1968. Hughes Commission responses: NYT, February 14, 1968. Anthony Imperiale: Bergen County Record, February 15, 1968; Porambo, No Cause for Indictment, 201.
237 Dunn corruption: Ibid., 30.
237 Orangeburg massacre: NYT, February 16, 1968. International Association of Chiefs of Police convention: Garry Wills, The Second Civil War: Arming for Armageddon (New York: New American Library, 1968), 17. The army laid stockpiles: NYT, February 17, 1968. Riotville: Michael Flamm, Law and Order: Street Crime, Civil Unrest, and the Crisis of Liberalism in the 1960s (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005), 118; NYT, March 22, 1968. The White House seriously countenanced: Flamm, Law and Order, 120. A book went on sale: Ibid., 101, 228.
238 On February 17, five thousand militants: Hugh Pearson, Shadow of a Panther: Huey Newton and the Price of Black Power in America (New York: Addison-Wesley, 1994), 152.
238 An ancient concept from the common law: Bob Greene, Running (Chicago: Regnery, 1973), 73; David Farber, Chicago ’68 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988), 134; NYT, February 14, 17, 1968; March 1, 1968.
238 New York garbage strike: Vincent J. Cannato, The Ungovernable City: John Lindsay and the Battle to Save New York (New York: Basic Books, 2003), 196–201. A sort of hippie street gang: Osha Neumann, “Motherfuckers Then and Now: My Sixties Problem,” in Marcy Darnovsky, Barbara Epstein, and Richard Flacks, eds., Cultural Politics and Social Movements (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995), 55–73.
238 But Gallup released a poll: Scammon and Wattenberg, Real Majority, 37. Wallace petition signatures: Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 287. Fraternal Order of Police endorsement: Farber, Chicago ’68, 130.
239 Kerner Commission: Cannato, Ungovernable City, 204–7; Flamm, Law and Order, 104–7.
239 “H. Rap Brown amendment”: Anthony Lukas, The Barnyard Epithet and Other Obscenities: Notes on the Chicago Trial (New York: HarperCollins, 1970), 4; Farber, Chicago ’68, 147; NYT, March 1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 15, 24, 28, 30, 1968; Congressional Record 114, pt. 4 (March 5, 1968).
240 The president was aghast: Flamm, Law and Order, 109–10.
240 Economic status of whites: Carter, Politics of Rage, 348; Christian Appy, Working-Class War: American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 45. “Come back when you have”: Ibid. “The ordinary white American”: Whalen, Catch the Falling Flag, 46. The “blind demagogs”: Farber, Chicago ’68, 138.
240 A correspondent with the Milwaukee Journal: Helen Weber, Summer Mockery: Civil Arrest Study 336 (Milwaukee, WI: Aestas Press, 1986), 46. In a fifteen-city poll: Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 36. “I’d give up my life if necessary”: Barry Edwards, “Why Negroes Should Boycott Whitey’s Olympics,” Saturday Evening Post, March 9, 1968. A white letter-writer: Saturday Evening Post, April 20, 1968.
240 Garry Wills had written: Wills, Second Civil War, 22.
241 “We have been amply warned”: “Nixon Would Use Force in the Cities,” NYT, March 8, 1968.
241 Howard Hughes endorsement: Howard Kohn, “Strange Bedfellows,” Rolling Stone, May 20, 1976.
241 “The people of this country don’t like”: Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 259.
241 “I am now reassessing”: Ibid., 262.
241 RFK breakfast with reporters: NYT, January 31, 1968; Shesol, Mutual Contempt, 412.
242 Also on the day after New Hampshire: Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 137–38. LBJ’s nightmare: Dallek, Flawed Giant, 528.
242 “Their insensitivity to the civilian”: Flamm, Law and Order, 116. Ohio, New York, Minneapolis, Omaha: NYT, March 15, 1968.
242 Or, as Governor Buford Ellington put it: “Guard Riot Test Stirs Tennessee,” NYT, March 7, 1968. Five hundred Tennessee citizens: NYT, March 8, 1968.
242 Minority leader Gerald Ford announced: NYT, March 15, 1968. Southern governors, ignoring outright: Allen J. Matusow, The Unraveling of America: A History of Liberalism in the 1960s (New York: HarperCollins, 1984), 191. The California Democratic Council: Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 147. King speech: Flamm, Law and Order, 114.
243 “Earlier this week in the East Room”: PPP 141, March 16, 1968.
243 RFK presidential announcement: Shesol, Mutual Contempt, 422; Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 137; Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 125–26.
243 Allard Lowenstein was enraged: Ibid., 129. Among McCarthy supporters, metaphors: Ibid., 93; Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 137.
243 “We expected concentration camps”: Farber, Chicago ’68, 39. McCarthy and Lord Fauntleroy: Time, March 22, 1968.
244 LBJ to National Farm Union: PPP 142, March 18, 1968; Shesol, Mutual Contempt, 427.
244 For day-by-day listing of Vietnam deaths, see http://www.viethero.us/Wall/panel.htm.
244 Perhaps eager for good news: Seymour Hersh, My Lai 4: A Report on the Massacre and Its Aftermath (New York: Random House, 1970), 79. The official brigade report: Ibid., 92–102.
244Richard Goodwin and Seymour Hersh: Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 143.
244 Nelson Rockefeller after RFK entrance: Ibid., 140; Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 221.
245 He had a press conference scheduled: Jules Witcover, White Knight: The Rise of Spiro Agnew (New York: Random House, 1972), 3, 198; Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 221.
245 RFK in Nashville, Georgia, Alabama, Kansas: Ibid., 126; Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 146; Shesol, Mutual Contempt, 424–25; Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 269.
246 For delegate selection process, see Andrew Busch, Outsiders and Openness in the Presidential Nominating System (Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977), chapter 4.
246 Bobby Kennedy toured California: Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 147–48; Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 129–30, 314; Shesol, Mutual Contempt, 425.
247 According to the Gallup poll: Ibid., 147–48. McCarthy TV commercials: Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 137. McCarthy kids were on their way: Busch, Outsiders and Openness in the Presidential Nominating System, 83.
247 “We need those Polish votes”: Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 135.
247 “Organize one of those electric guitar”: Shesol, Mutual Contempt, 429.
248 He sent his biggest gun: Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 8, 137; Barone, Our Country, 433.
248 The president began to look almost demented: PPP 154, March 25, 1968. LBJ is shown delivering this speech in the Brian De Palma film Greetings (1968).
248 Wise Men meeting: Langguth, Our Vietnam, 487–92; Shesol, Mutual Contempt, 433.
249 Nixon Vietnam radio address discomfort: Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 274; Kutler, Wars of Watergate, 69; Garment, Crazy Rhythm, 125; Whalen, Catch the Falling Flag, 12, 27. “Of course they stole the election”: Ibid., 12.
249 But Reagan supporters dreaming: Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 241; Whalen, Catch the Falling Flag, 16. Johnson showed a flash: PPP 158, March 27, 1968. “We have permitted the Stokely Carmichaels”: David J. Garrow, Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (New York: Harper Perennial, 1999), 597. The president’s Gallup approval: George Gallup, “Johnson’s War and Job Ratings Sink,” WP, March 31, 1968.
250 Poor People’s March and Martin Luther King in Memphis: Garrow, Bearing the Cross, 594–619; “A Negro Is Killed in Memphis March,” NYT, March 29, 1968; “Dr. King to March in Memphis Again,” NYT, March 30, 1968; April 1, 1968; Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 11, 32; Farber, Chicago ’68, 138.
252 The president’s speech Sunday evening: PPP 170, March 31, 1968; Dallek, Flawed Giant, 510–13; Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 152; Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 4–7; Shesol, Mutual Contempt, 435; Barone, Our Country, 434.
252 Key Biscayne: Raymond Price, With Nixon (New York: Viking, 1977), 28; Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 302.
253 Wisconsin Democratic results: Scammon and Wattenberg, Real Majority](http://books.google.com/books?ei=N3xESL2yKaiSjgHPmqG1Bg&id=CYtCAAAAIAAJ&dq=real+majority&q=reagan+wisconsin&pgis=1), 93, 108.
253 Milwaukee mayoral race: Interview with David Walther.
253 Chicago police began carrying: NYT, March 10, 1968. James Farmer of CORE: “CORE Chief Scores Police on Preparations for ‘War,’” NYT, March 31, 1968. In Newark, Anthony Imperiale’s: Bergen County Record, February 15, 1968. Richard Rovere of the New Yorker: Wills, Second Civil War, 165.