nixonland12
ABBREVIATIONS
BPP: Berrigan Brothers Papers, Cornell University Special Collections, Ithaca, New York
CDN: Chicago Daily News
CT: Chicago Tribune
LAT: Los Angeles Times
LBJCR: “Civil Rights During the Johnson Administration, 1963–1969: A collection from the holdings of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Austin, Texas” (microfilm)
MIP: Files on the events of 1970 collected by Maurice Isserman, in possession of author
MTR: Museum of Television and Radio, New York City
NLT: Nixon Library Tapes transcribed by author, National Archives, College Park, Maryland
NYDN: New York Daily News
NYT: New York Times
NYTM: New York Times Magazine
PDP: Paul Douglas Papers, Chicago History Museum
PDP722: Douglas Papers, Part I, Box 722, 1966 folder
PPP: Public Papers of the Presidents
RNLB: Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace, Yorba Linda, California
USNWR: U.S. News & World Report
WP: Washington Post
WSJ: Wall Street Journal
CHAPTER TWELVE: THE SKY’S THE LIMIT
254 King assassination: Taylor Branch, At Canaan’s Edge: America in the King Years, 1965–1968 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), 755–66.
255 Martin Luther King had always been warning: Chicago’s America, July 22, 1966; Chicago Sun-Times, July 22, 1966. “We can achieve nothing”: PPP 179, April 4, 1968.
256 Washington riots: Lewis Chester, Bruce Page, and Godfrey Hodgson, American Melodrama: The Presidential Campaign of 1968 (New York: Viking, 1969), 15–16; J. Hoberman, The Dream Life: Movies, Media, and the Mythology of the Sixties (New York: New Press, 2003), 196; Michael Flamm, Law and Order: Street Crime, Civil Unrest, and the Crisis of Liberalism in the 1960s (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005), 146.
256 In New York, John Lindsay: Vincent J. Cannato, The Ungovernable City: John Lindsay and the Battle to Save New York (New York: Basic Books, 2003), 210. “The Lindsay Style”: Life, May 24, 1968.
256 In Newark, a voice crackled: Ron Porambo, No Cause for Indictment: An Autopsy of Newark (New York: Holt, 1971), 191.
256 Vietnam: Hoberman, Dream Life, 196. On the campus of Cornell: Donald Alexander Downs, Cornell ’69: Liberalism and the Crisis of the University (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1969), 79.
256 In Boston, it was the soul singer: Anthony Lukas, Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three Families (New York: Random House, 1985), 32–34. In Milwaukee, it was the radical priest: Frank A. Aukofer, City with a Chance (Milwaukee: Bruce Publishing Co., 1968), 142; Milwaukee Journal, April 15, 1968. In Indianapolis: Peter B. Levy, ed., America in the Sixties—Left, Right, and Center: A Documentary History (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998), 230–31.
257 In Oakland, the patrolling of: Hugh Pearson, Shadow of a Panther: Huey Newton and the Price of Black Power in America (New York: Addison-Wesley, 1994), 154–56.
257 President Johnson declared April 9: PPP 180, April 5, 1968. King’s funeral and Maddox: Hal Jacobs, “Lester!: The Strange but True Tale of Georgia’s Unlikeliest Governor,” Creative Loafing, March 20, 1999, http://www.southerncurrents.com/misc/maddox.htm.
257 Ronald Reagan said: Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 17. Strom Thurmond wrote: Flamm, Law and Order, 145.
257 In Maryland, lowly Spiro Agnew: Levy, America in the Sixties, 97; Dan T. Carter, The Politics of Rage: George Wallace, the Origin of the New Conservatism, and the Transformation of American Politics (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996), 331; Jules Witcover, White Knight: The Rise of Spiro Agnew (New York: Random House, 1972), 169–74.
258 The Oscars ceremony: Hoberman, Dream Life, 196.
258 The Chicago Tribune, in an editorial: “Day of Mourning,” CT, April 9, 1968.&edition=&startpage=14&desc=Day+of+Mourning)
259 Chicago riots: Mike Royko, Boss: Richard J. Daley of Chicago (New York: New American Library, 1971), 169; David Farber, Chicago ’68 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988), 136–45.
259 Chicago cops were angry: Ibid., 126–30; Garry Wills, The Second Civil War: Arming for Armageddon (New York: New American Library, 1968), 91; William W. Turner, The Police Establishment (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1968), 107–42. Sixty-four quit that July: USNWR, October 17, 1966.
259 In February, special training sessions: Farber, Chicago ’68, 134.
260 The late L.A. police chief: Ibid., 128. The crime rate was going up: Farber, Chicago ’68, 128. “The better we do our job”: Ibid. “police brutality”: Cannato, Ungovernable City, 170; “Behind Those ‘Police Brutality’ Charges,” Reader’s Digest, July 1966 (“the Communists want general public acceptance of the ‘police brutality’ slogan so they can achieve police disarmament”); Reader’s Digest, October 1966; Harry Byrd editorial, Des Moines Register, July 24, 1966; Wills, Second Civil War. Harvard’s Seymour Martin Lipset: “Why Cops Hate Liberals—and Vice Versa,” in William J. Bopp, ed., The Police Rebellion: A Quest for Blue Power (Springfield, IL: Charles H. Thomas, 1971). In Chicago, two-thirds of cops thought: Farber, Chicago ’68, 159. “Unsung Heroes Invade Terror Ranks”: CT, April 10, 1968.&edition=&startpage=16&desc=UNSUNG+HERO+COPS+INVADE+TERROR+RANKS)
260 “Arresting them doesn’t”: Ibid., 141. “White America has declared”: Ibid., 234.
260 The president accepted Governor Kerner’s: http://www.rfpolice.com/policehistory.htm. The Trib proactively: “Law and Order First,” CT, April 7, 1968.&edition=&startpage=28&desc=Law+and+Order+First)
261 But the city had hosted: Farber, Chicago ’68, 278.
261 What he sold most of all: Ibid., 122; Wills, Second Civil War, 94.
261 When Gene McCarthy came: Farber, Chicago ’68, 136.
261 Daley “shoot to kill” order and backlash: Farber, Chicago ’68, 145.
262 Some kid out of New York: Michael William Doyle and Peter Braunstein, eds., Imagine Nation: The American Counterculture of the 1960s and ’70s (New York: Routledge, 2001), 97. The FBI told the Chicago police’s: Farber, Chicago ’68, 149.
262 April 27 “nonviolent peace march”: Ibid., 151.
262 A University of Chicago junior professor: Jesse Lemisch interview.
263 At Nixon’s new headquarters: William Safire, Before the Fall: An Inside View of the Pre-Watergate White House (New York: Ballantine, 1977), 38, 49.
263 The president beseeched the House: PPP 118, April 5, 1968. “We’ve got a civil rights act!”: Safire, Before the Fall, 48.
263 Columbia uprising: “56 Columbia Rebels Seized Among 117 at Sit-In Here,” NYT, May 19, 1968; Cannato, Ungovernable City, 238–58; Joan Morrison and Robert K. Morrison, eds., From Camelot to Kent State: The Sixties Experience in the Words of Those Who Lived It (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), 267–69; Mark Kuranski, 1968: The Year That Rocked the World (New York: Random House, 2005), 372; Levy, America in the Sixties, 213; Hoberman, Dream Life, 199.
265 Richard Nixon added a stanza: “Nixon Bids Columbia Oust ‘Anarchic Students,’” NYT, May 16, 1968.
266 Ramsey Clark, he lectured: Stanley Kutler, The Wars of Watergate: The Last Crisis of Richard Nixon (New York: W. W. Norton, 1992), 69.
266 He released a six-thousand-word position paper: “Nixon Decries ‘Lawless Society’ and Urges Limited Wiretapping,” NYT, May 9, 1968.
266 A new paperback campaign edition: Robert F. Kennedy, To Seek a Newer World (New York: Bantam, 1968). Commentators increasingly rhapsodized: Richard Scammon and Ben Wattenberg, The Real Majority: An Extraordinary Examination of the American Electorate (New York: Coward McCann, 1980), 19; Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 138–39; White, Making of the President 1968, 216. BOBBY IS GROOVY: Hoberman, Dream Life, 195.
266 Tom Hayden had been one of the: Cannato, Ungovernable City, 238. Kennedy aides now spent hours: Chester, Page, and Hodgson, American Melodrama, 138–39. “I knew you’d be the first”: Jules Witcover, The Making of an Ink-Stained Wretch: Half a Century Pounding the Political Beat (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005), 109. YOU PUNK: Ibid.
267 The last straw might have been: Hoberman, Dream Life, 200. The liberal who’d said after Watts: Hoberman, Dream Life, 201. Ronald Reagan said: Garry Wills, “Waiting for Bobby,” New York Review of Books, February 10, 2000.
267 “Where are you going to get all the money”: Witcover, Making of an Ink-Stained Wretch, 110.
267 In 1966 he had enraged the Right: “Humphrey Warns of Slum Revolts,” NYT, July 19, 1966; Congressional Record 112, pt. 13 (July 21, 1966), 16,669, Paul Fino speech. Humphrey photographed with Maddox: Michael Barone, Our Country: The Shaping of America from Roosevelt to Reagan (New York: Free Press, 1990), 439.
267 “LBJ threw a pair of old shoes”: “The Comedian as Hero,” Time, December 22, 1967. “pecker in my pocket”: Joseph Lelyveld, “The Adventures of Arthur,” New York Review of Books, November 8, 2007.
268 Richard Nixon had offered William Safire: Safire, Before the Fall, 49. Then, on April 7: Robert Dallek, Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961–1973 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 545. “He cries too much”: Michael Drosnin, Citizen Hughes (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1985), 241. Rockefeller made his announcement: NYT, May 1, 1968.
268 “Gentlemen,” his press secretary joked: Robert Shogan, Bad News: Where the Press Goes Wrong in the Making of the President (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2001), 40. In New Orleans, they got thousands: F. Clifton White and William J. Gill, Why Reagan Won (Washington: Regnery Gateway, 1981), 113.
268 Rockefeller poll and publicity strategy: Jules Witcover, The Resurrection of Richard Nixon (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1970), 307.
268 “In a subtle triangle with Communist China”: John Judis, Grand Illusion: Critics and Champions of the American Century (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1992), 205. Henry Kissinger also wooed potential female: Joseph Persico, The Imperial Rockefeller: A Biography of Nelson A. Rockefeller (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982), 173. And that Nixon was still: Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 319.
269 John Volpe: Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 167.
269 Indiana results: Barone, Our Country, 438; Frederick G. Dutton, Changing Sources of Power: American Politics in the 1970s (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971), 202.
269 And every time “The Wallace Story”: Carter, Politics of Rage, 354. “They can laugh”: Saturday Evening Post, April 20, 1968.
269 In Michigan, Alabama’s first gentleman: Carter, Politics of Rage, 319–20. “I didn’t see any flags”: Porambo, No Cause for Indictment, 175.
270 “While Negro precincts were delivering”: Wills, “Waiting for Bobby.” “Black Power and Backlash”: Flamm, Law and Order, 149.
270 In Gary, Indiana, only 15 percent: Ibid. Forty-nine percent of Hoosiers: Wills, “Waiting for Bobby.”
270 Celebrity campaigners: “The Stars Leap into Politics,” Life, May 10, 1968. “thinks the American youth belongs to him”: Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 137.
271 On May 17, a new antiwar faction: Tom Wells, The War Within: America’s Battle over Vietnam (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 263; Harrisburg Patriot News, January 2, 1972; “Philip Berrigan, Former Priest and Peace Advocate in the Vietnam War Era, Dies at 79,” NYT, December 8, 2002.
271 “Certain property has no right”: Jeremy Varon, Bringing the War Home: The Weather Underground, the Red Army Faction, and Revolutionary Violence in the Sixties and Seventies (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004), 133. They had an ally in Richard Cardinal Cushing: Clayton Fritchey column, New York Post, January 24, 1972.
271 “Senator Kennedy has never discussed individual cases”: Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 172. the most violent: Hoberman, Dream Life, 202.
271 Kennedy attended the Easter Sunday mass: Barone, Our Country, 438. In a statewide poll, 61 percent: Wills, “Waiting for Bobby.” “Cordon off the area”: Flamm, Law and Order, 150.
272 RFK/McCarthy California debate: Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 314; Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 175, 183; Wills, “Waiting for Bobby.”
272 Kennedy’s last day was marathon parades: Witcover, Making of an Ink-Stained Wretch, 114.
272 Ambassador Hotel scene: Ibid., 115; Shogan, Bad News, 33; Shadegg, Winning’s a Lot More Fun, 185; Barone, Our Country, 440.
