nixonland27
ABBREVIATIONS
BPP: Berrigan Brothers Papers, Cornell University Special Collections, Ithaca, New York
CDN: Chicago Daily News
CT: Chicago Tribune
LAT: Los Angeles Times
LBJCR: “Civil Rights During the Johnson Administration, 1963–1969: A collection from the holdings of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Austin, Texas” (microfilm)
MIP: Files on the events of 1970 collected by Maurice Isserman, in possession of author
MTR: Museum of Television and Radio, New York City
NLT: Nixon Library Tapes transcribed by author, National Archives, College Park, Maryland
NYDN: New York Daily News
NYT: New York Times
NYTM: New York Times Magazine
PDP: Paul Douglas Papers, Chicago History Museum
PDP722: Douglas Papers, Part I, Box 722, 1966 folder
PPP: Public Papers of the Presidents
RNLB: Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace, Yorba Linda, California
USNWR: U.S. News & World Report
WP: Washington Post
WSJ: Wall Street Journal
CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN: CRUELEST MONTH
551 On March 20, alongside Route 9: David Cortright, Soldiers in Revolt: GI Resistance During the Vietnam War (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2005), 37–38.
551 “I just work hard at surviving”: Ibid., 33. At Fort Bliss, soldiers: Christian Appy, Working Class War: American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 93. AWOLs went up fivefold: Jane Fonda, My Life So Far (New York: Random House, 2005), 224. But if MPs did that now: Mary Hershberger, Jane Fonda’s War: A Political Biography of an Antiwar Icon (New York: New Press, 2005), 19. “The unwilling, led by”: Appy, Working Class War, 43, 30. “What are you going to do”: Ibid., 253.
551 The Student Mobilization Committee started: Jerry Lembcke, The Spitting Image: Myth, Memory, and the Legacy of Vietnam (New York: NYU Press, 1998), 41. New York Times columnist: “A Whiff of Mutiny in Vietnam,” NYT, August 27, 1969.
552 A sergeant wrote on behalf: Lembcke, Spitting Image, 47. Life interviewed one hundred soldiers: Life, October 24, 1969.
552 Vietnamese-speaking psy-ops: Tom Wells, The War Within: America’s Battle over Vietnam (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 340. Aircraft carrier crews grounded: “Pentagon Papers Chase,” Nation, July 9, 2001. Amphetamines, marijuana, heroin: Appy, Working Class War, 283–85.
552 FTA: Hershberger, Jane Fonda’s War, 42–46; F.T.A. (dir. Francine Parker, 1972).
552 One officer walked around: Wells, War Within, 297.
552 The Post quoted an audience member: “GI Movement: A Show to Call Its Own,” WP, March 15, 1971.
553 In public hearings, Vietnam Veterans Against the War: Lembcke, ]Spitting Image, 57.](http://books.google.com/books?id=IJrzaNOjjzwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=spitting+image&ei=ZpGPSNSZH5HiiwGfj9XyDw&sig=ACfU3U1tdyIglFa2wtMiXOY6mOXRqttkhA#PPA57,M1) They marched eighty-six miles: Ibid., 57–58.
553 “Winter Soldier” hearings: Hershberger, Jane Fonda’s War, 27–34; Gerald Nicosia, Home to War: A History of the Vietnam Veterans Movement (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004), 79–92. A Times dispatch: “‘War Crimes’ Testimony,” April 7, 1971.
553 Hugh Hefner donated: Nicosia, Home to War, 91. Vietnam Veterans Against the War press conference: Ibid., 103.
553 Their press release was devastating : Wells, War Within, 480.
554 Dentists fitting draft-avoiders with orthodontics: Appy, Working Class War, 33.
554 “It seemed like the silliest”: “Confessions of Lieutenant Calley,” Esquire, November 1970.
554 My account of Lieutenant Calley’s court-martial and aftermath is drawn from Michal R. Belknap, The Vietnam War on Trial: The My Lai Massacre and Court-Martial of Lieutenant Calley (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002); James Stuart Olson and Randy Roberts, eds., My Lai: A Brief History with Documents (New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 1998); Wayne Greenshaw, The Making of a Hero: The Story of Lieut. William Calley Jr. (New York: Touchstone, 1971); and William Greider, “Calley’s Trial: The Moral Question and Battlefield Laws,” WP, April 5, 1971.
557 On April 5 Senator Hatfield read: “No Pentagon Study on Viet Civilian Deaths,” LAT, April 6, 1971.&edition=&startpage=9&desc=No+Pentagon+Study+on+Viet+Civilian+Deaths) The Times, did, however: NYT, April 8, 1971, 7.
557 "Before you go on tonight": Richard Reeves, President Nixon: Alone in the White House (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 185.
558 The speech was the usual: PPP 135, April 7, 1971, with audio.
559 “We’ve thrown the best”: NLT, conversation 476–16.
560 Colson had “the balls”: Reeves, President Nixon, 321.
561 On Sunday, April 18, Vietnam Veterans Against: Nicosia, Home to War, 108. VVAW march to Arlington: Ibid., 109.
561 Haldeman called Daniel Patrick Moynihan: NLT, conversation 481–21.
561 “Someone has to demolish McCloskey”: NLT, conservation 483–7.
561 “Goddamn gook VC!”: Nicosia, Home to War, 114.
562 “quite a job keeping his people”: NLT, conversation 482–27.
562 “shit cans filled with blood”: Nicosia, Home to War, 100.
562 The next day, at the Old Executive: NLT, conversation 486–1.
562 That night Senator Phil Hart: Nicosia, Home to War, 124.
563 Nixon was livid: NLT, conversation 486–1.
563 Ron Ziegler told the press: Nicosia, Home to War, 125. “Leave the sons of bitches”: NLT, conversation 484–13. John Mitchell visited the president’s: NLT, conversation 484–2.
563 “‘Goddamn it, forget the law!’”: NLT, conversation 484–13.
563 Clark, Supreme Court vote, camping: Nicosia, Home to War, 125–31.
564 “That’ll fix the veterans”: NLT, conversation 484–4.
564 The next day John Kerry testified: Nicosia, Home to War, 137–38; transcript at http://www.richmond.edu/~ebolt/history398/JohnKerryTestimony.html.
564 The next day, solemn and respectful: Nicosia, Home to War, 141–43.
565 The organizers of the second, Haldeman briefed: NLT, conversation 484–13.
565 But it was organized: “Inside Report: Muskie and the Trotskyites,” WP, April 19, 1971. “We had a great break”: NLT, conversation 482–8.
565 “There’s a separate organization”: NLT, conversation 477–1.
565 “If the government won’t stop”: NLT, conversation 486–5.
565 May Day Tribes’ demonstration: Reeves, President Nixon, 319–22.
566 I WAS AN AMERICAN POW: Jeremy Varon, Bringing the War Home: The Weather Underground, the Red Army Faction, and Revolutionary Violence in the Sixties and Seventies (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004), 131.
566 When the polls arrived: Reeves, President Nixon, 322.
566 “EAU CLAIRE, Wis. (AP)”: “Al Capp Accused of Morals Offense,” NYT, May 8, 1971.
566 “The allegations are entirely”: “Coed Charges Al Capp with Morals Offense,” LAT, May 8, 1971.&edition=&startpage=9&desc=Coed+Charges+Al+Capp+With+Morals+Offense) See also Margo Howard, A Life in Letters: Ann Landers’ Letters to Her Only Child (New York: Warner Books, 2003), 45–46.
566 Either way, Chuck Colson sent: Seymour Hersh, “Nixon’s Last Coverup,” New Yorker, December 14, 1992. “The shock is not that there’s”: NYDN, January 23, 1972.
567 "I believe in white supremacy”: Playboy, May 1971, quoted by J. Hoberman in Village Voice, May 8, 2001.
567 Robert D. Heinl argued that: Hershberger, Jane Fonda’s War, 39–40. On May 24 at Travis Air Force Base: Fonda, My Life So Far, 273–74; “30 Airmen Held as Base Erupts,” WP, May 25, 1971.
567 “Mr. President, what are you”: PPP 189, June 1, 1971.
568 The next week’s Gallup: “Muskie, Kennedy and HHH Crowd Nixon in New Count,” WP, June 4, 1971. Two days later: “61 Pct. of Americans Now Believe Entry in Vietnam War Was Mistake,” WP, June 6, 1971. “What we assumed”: Timothy Crouse, The Boys on the Bus (New York: Ballantine Books, 1974), 242.