nixonland31
ABBREVIATIONS
BPP: Berrigan Brothers Papers, Cornell University Special Collections, Ithaca, New York
CDN: Chicago Daily News
CT: Chicago Tribune
LAT: Los Angeles Times
LBJCR: “Civil Rights During the Johnson Administration, 1963–1969: A collection from the holdings of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Austin, Texas” (microfilm)
MIP: Files on the events of 1970 collected by Maurice Isserman, in possession of author
MTR: Museum of Television and Radio, New York City
NLT: Nixon Library Tapes transcribed by author, National Archives, College Park, Maryland
NYDN: New York Daily News
NYT: New York Times
NYTM: New York Times Magazine
PDP: Paul Douglas Papers, Chicago History Museum
PDP722: Douglas Papers, Part I, Box 722, 1966 folder
PPP: Public Papers of the Presidents
RNLB: Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace, Yorba Linda, California
USNWR: U.S. News & World Report
WP: Washington Post
WSJ: Wall Street Journal
CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE: THE SPRING OFFENSIVE
635 Deliverymen and limousines kept: Anthony Lukas, Nightmare: The Underside of the Nixon Years (New York: Viking, 1976), 158–59.
635 International Telephone & Telegraph scandal: Jonathan Schell, The Time of Illusion (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1975), 169–71; Lukas, Nightmare, 182–84; “Tricky Dick Redux,” San Diego Reader, January 9, 1997; Richard Reeves, President Nixon: Alone in the White House (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 323–24.
636 “Who exactly do you represent?”: Ibid., 461.
636 Harry Dent had wanted: Stanley Kutler, The Wars of Watergate: The Last Crisis of Richard Nixon (New York: W. W. Norton, 1992), 193. And what the general counsel suggested: G. Gordon Liddy, Will: The Autobiography of G. Gordon Liddy (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1980), 209.
636 Liddy’s presentation to Mitchell: Ibid., 271–276.
637 Running a campaign plane and a press plane: Bob Greene, Running (Chicago: Regnery, 1973), 117.
637 “Ethics in the sausage casings business”: Maurice Stans, The Terrors of Justice: The Untold Side of Watergate (New York: Everest House, 1978), 88.
637 In October of 1971: Lukas, Nightmare, 128–29.
638 On January 19, the House: “Election Fund Bill Is Voted,” WP, January 20, 1972.
638 Nixon signed it with a flourish: PPP 46, February 7, 1972.
638 A shakedown frenzy preceded: Reeves, President Nixon, 462–63; Schell, Time of Illusion, 211. Gulf Chemical sent $100,000: New York Times, ed., The Watergate Hearings: Break-in and Cover-up Proceedings of the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities (New York: Bantam, 1973), chronology section.
638 “Mr. President,” one reporter asked: PPP 103, March 24, 1972.
638 “They are out to defeat us”: Reeves, President Nixon, 464.
639 NIXON. . . GODFATHER IN THE WHITE HOUSE: This button is occasionally available on eBay.
639 “Muskie has been working”: “McGovern Rejects 13 Slates,” CT, January 13, 1972.&edition=&startpage=9&desc=McGovern+Rejects+13+Slates) “It’s the populism of the prairies”: “McGovern Gibes at ‘Park Ave. Populism,’” NYT, February 26, 1972.
639 Morris Dees: Gordon L. Weil, The Long Shot: George McGovern Runs for President (New York: W. W. Norton, 1973), 38; “Mail for McGovern,” NYT, July 18, 1972; Richard Viguerie, America’s Right Turn: How Conservatives Used New and Alternative Media to Take Power (Los Angeles: Bonus Books, 2004), 146–48. In his 1968 Senate race: Ibid., 147.
639 It was why he announced: Weil, Long Shot, 31. “I will not change my beliefs”: Rick Perlstein, Before the Storm: Barry Goldwater and the Unmaking of the American Consensus (New York: Hill & Wang, 2001), 260.
640 McGovern sallied forth at Keene State: Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail ’72 (New York: Popular Library, 1973), 370–78; Theodore H. White, The Making of the President 1972 (New York: Atheneum, 1973), 76. (Eleanor McGovern, pointing out: Weil, Long Shot, 99. In Florida he came out for busing: Thompson, Fear and Loathing, 81. Space shuttle: NYDL, January 21, 1972. He toured Chicago without: “Huglies, 3 Others Back Muskie Drive,” WP, January 18, 1972; “McGovern Rejects 13 Slates.”
640 In January, DNC chair O’Brien: Thompson, Fear and Loathing, 93.
640 Maybe what Dutton told Scotty: Frederick G. Dutton, Changing Sources of Power: American Politics in the 1970s (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971), 246. Front-runner Muskie was sounding: “Snowfall Disrupts Wisconsin Primary Schedules,” NYT, March 30, 1972.
640 Lordstown strike: Stanley Aronowitz, False Promises: The Shaping of American Working Class Consciousness (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974), 21–50.
641 “humanistic, critical of big business”: “Reporting the Campaign,” NYT, January 7, 1972.
641 Harrisburg 7 trial and outcome: Chronological clippings in BBP ); Cowan, Tribes of America, 275–99.
641 The AFL-CIO revealed a poll: Thompson, Fear and Loathing, 154.
644 The McGovern campaign had begun: Ibid., 174–75; White, Making of the President 1972, 98.
644 By locking up the left-wing activist: Weil, Long Shot, 34. “to have an opportunity to educate”: Ibid., 37. McGovern wrote ingratiating letters: McGovern to Chip Berlet, in author’s possession.
645 At McGovern’s Washington headquarters: Thompson, Fear and Loathing, 407. McGovern Wisconsin organization: Ibid., 169–74; “Wisconsin Team Keeps April Faith in McGovern,” NYT, August 25, 1972.
645 Teddy White compared them: White, Making of the President 1972, 125. Timothy Crouse in Rolling Stone: Thompson, Fear and Loathing, 171.
645 McGovern started dropping in on bowling: Weil, Long Shot, 65.
645 a press conference in the home: “McGovern Gibes at ‘Park Ave. Populism.’”
645 George Wallace called a press conference: “Wallace Plans to Step Up Drive for Nomination,” NYT, March 16, 1972.
646 He called Wallace’s Florida: Peter N. Carroll, It Seemed Like Nothing Happened: America in the 1970s (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1990), 84; George S. McGovern, An American Journey: The Presidential Campaign Speeches of George McGovern (New York, Random House, 1974), 186.
646 The Wednesday before the election: “McGovern Says Nixon Ignored Kin of P.O.W.’s,” NYT, March 29, 1972; “Snowfall Disrupts Wisconsin Primary Schedules,” NYT, March 30, 1972; “Economy Is Key in Wisconsin,” NYT, April 1, 1972.
646 Vietnam spring offensive: Schell, Time of Illusion, 230; Reeves, President Nixon, 465.
646 It was, in a way, his Gulf of Tonkin: A. J. Langguth, Our Vietnam: The War, 1954–1975 (New York: Touchstone, 2000), 597.
647 The president ordered a fleet: Ibid.
647 Jackson, Wallace, and Humphrey massed: “3 Democrats Back U.S. Right to Renew Raids in the North,” NYT, April 5, 1972. Since Muskie didn’t mention: H. R. Haldeman, The Haldeman Diaries: Inside the Nixon White House (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1994), 435.
647 At 9:40 Frank Mankiewicz: Weil, Long Shot, 66. “Archie Bunker’s street”: Thompson, Fear and Loathing, 174. Reporters, having missed the story: Ibid., 177.
647 Lindsay’s press secretary lost $102: Ibid., 142.
647 The next day McGovern people: Thompson, Fear and Loathing, 160.
647 His janissaries made calls: Ibid., 165. Time started planning: “Here Comes the Prairie Populist,” Time, May 8, 1972. Evans and Novak noted the emergence: “Anyone But McGovern,” WP, April 6, 1972.
647 “The P wanted to be sure”: Haldeman, The Haldeman Diaries.
648 On April 6, B-52 strikes pushed: “A Big New Phase of War Is Opening,” NYT, April 6, 1972. “The simple truth is that this test”: Congressional Record 118, pt. 19, 11,560.
648 Ten-dollar, twenty-dollar, fifty-dollar checks: “Mail for McGovern,” NYT, July 18, 1972. The Federal Elections Campaign Act: Schell, Time of Illusion, 211.
648 “Every great power must”: PPP 115, April 10, 1972.
649 “What the enemy seeks”: Reeves, President Nixon, 468.
649 On April 16, five behemoth: Ibid., 469. Three days later, Kissinger proceeded: Schell, Time of Illusion, 236–37.
649 He embarked on a series of photo ops: PPP 120, 121, 122, April 14, 1972; PPP 123, April 15, 1972; PPP 125, April 18, 1972; PPP 126, April 19, 1972.
649 “Our draft calls now average”: PPP 129, April 26, 1972.
649 “I still think we ought to take”: “Nixon Proposed Using A-Bomb in Vietnam War,” NYT, March 1, 2002; NLT, conversation 23–70.
650 Massachusetts’s plentiful antiwar Democrats: Thompson, Fear and Loathing, 74.
650 “If we don’t fight them there”: Peter B. Levy, ed., America in the Sixties—Left, Right, and Center: A Documentary History (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998).
650 This was nasty politics: Weil, Long Shot, 107, 129–31.
651 Evans and Novak were reporting: “Kennedy’s Fatalistic Mood,” WP, April 12, 1972. Humphrey heckling in Pennsylvania: Thompson, Fear and Loathing.
651 “The only logical explanation”: “John Mitchell’s Democrats,” NYT, April 30, 1972.
651 “The sudden surge in Senator Hubert Humphrey’s”: “Behind Humphrey’s Surge,” WP, April 27, 1972.
651 One “liberal senator”: “Behind Humphrey’s Surge,” WP, April 27, 1972, A23.
652 “George McGovern has run”: “John Mitchell’s Democrats.”
652 National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse: “National Commission to Propose Legal Private Use of Marijuana,” NYT, February 13, 1972. “a crushing burden for law enforcement”: Weil, Long Shot, 100. Nixon hoped it would help: See Michael Massing, The Fix: Solving the Nation’s Drug Problem (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000). “You can’t just let anybody walk”: “Society: Loosening Up,” Time, June 26, 1972; Shirley MacLaine, You Can Get There from Here (New York: W. W. Norton, 1975), 62. Pat Nixon, in one of her rare: “Mrs. Nixon Asserts Jane Fonda Should Have Bid Hanoi End War,” NYT, August 9, 1972.
652 “I’d vote for him if he’d turn Christian”: Thompson, Fear and Loathing, 171.
653 “Jesus, we won the fucking city”: Ibid., 74.
653 On April 23, “in a spontaneous act”: Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, and Ed Sanders, Vote!: A Record, a Dialogue, a Manifesto—Miami Beach, 1972 and Beyond (New York: Warner Paperbacks, 1972), 42–44.
653 “We feel the colored element”: Evans and Novak, “The McGovern Phenomenon,” WP, April 20, 1972.
653 “Is this Wallace Country?”: “Controlling the Crowds; a Wallace Campaign Rally,” WP, May 1, 1972, A1.
654 Across the border: “Running Hard ‘Extremism,’” WP, April 30, 1972, A1.
654 The Washington Post featured him: “Running Hard on ‘Extremism,’” WP, May 1, 1972. The man who’d been offered two cabinet posts: Richard J. Whalen, “Will the Real Majority Stand Up for Scoop Jackson?” NYTM, October 3, 1971. Then, the day before the Ohio: Thompson, Fear and Loathing, 199.
654 who kept columnist Joseph Alsop: Taylor Branch, Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963–1965 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998), 294.
654 “Jesus Christ! That old cocksucker!”: Curt Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets (New York: Norton, 2001), 28.
654 “The good J. Edgar Hoover has done”: PPP 140, May 4, 1972.
655 A squad of Cuban operatives: Lukas, Nightmare, 195.
655 Howard Johnson’s reservation: Ibid., 193.
655 McGovernites charged election fraud: Thompson, Fear and Loathing, 189–92. “McGovern and Humphrey Running Even”: NYT, May 7, 1972.
655 The next contest was in . . . Nebraska: “Nebraska,” WP, May 11, 1972, A1. Everywhere he went: “‘Radical’ Issue Hits McGovern,” WP, May 9, 1972, A1; Thompson, Fear and Loathing, 202, 218.
655 The panicked campaign distributed: “‘Radical’ Issue Hits McGovern,” WP, May 9, 1972.
656 The Washington Post patiently explained: “McGovern’s ‘Radical Views’ Attacked,” WP, May 6, 1972. The Republican National Committee’s monthly magazine: First Monday, June 1972, courtesy of Howard Park.
656 On May 8, amid: PPP 147. Connally urged him: NLT, conversation 722–11.
656 They code-named it Operation Linebacker: Reeves, President Nixon, 472.
656 “I cannot emphasize too strongly”: Ibid., 474.
657 George Wallace’s line on Vietnam: “Wallace Begins Busy Md. Campaign,” WP, May 7, 1972.
657 “General, why haven’t we bombed”: Liddy, Will, 223. On May 9 the Senate Democratic: “President Rebuffed by Democrats,” WP, May 10, 1972. But David Broder spoke: “Most Politicians Privately Cautious,” WP, May 10, 1972. Broder also cited an unnamed: “Most Politicians Privately Cautious,” WP, May 10, 1972, A11. The New York Times, for its: “Mr. Nixon’s Brinkmanship,” NYT, May 10, 1972. Chuck Colson spent $4,400: Jeb Stuart Magruder, An American Life: One Man’s Road to Watergate (New York: Atheneum, 1974), 208.
657 The campuses once more exploded: “Hundreds Are Arrested in Antiwar Demonstrations,” NYT, May 11, 1972. This is to advise you: Reeves, President Nixon, 476. The question every political analyst: “Leaders of Organized Labor Remain Largely Hostile to McGovern’s Candidacy,” NYT, May 14, 1972, 38.
658 when the president spoke at the AFL-CIO: Ibid., 393; Fawn Brodie, Richard Nixon: The Shaping of His Character (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), 51; “President Asks Labor’s Support; Reception Is Cool,” NYT, November 20, 1971. “Some wrote in those days”: PPP 364, November 19, 1971. The January convention pronounced: NYDN, January 26, 1972. In March, Meany resigned: PPP 102, March 23, 1972. On April 20 he testified: “Meany Asks Nixon to Act on Prices,” NYT, April 21, 1972.
658 Meany said all Americans: “President Entitled to Public Support,” CT, May 14, 1972.&edition=&startpage=A5&desc=President+Entitled+to+Public+Support)
659One of the canvassers back in Wisconsin: Thompson, Fear and Loathing, 171.