Rick Perlstein

nixonland5

ABBREVIATIONS BPP: Berrigan Brothers Papers, Cornell University Special Collections, Ithaca, New York
CDN: Chicago Daily News
CT: Chicago Tribune
LAT: Los Angeles Times
LBJCR: “Civil Rights During the Johnson Administration, 1963–1969: A collection from the holdings of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Austin, Texas” (microfilm)
MIP: Files on the events of 1970 collected by Maurice Isserman, in possession of author
MTR: Museum of Television and Radio, New York City
NLT: Nixon Library Tapes transcribed by author, National Archives, College Park, Maryland
NYDN: New York Daily News
NYT: New York Times
NYTM: New York Times Magazine
PDP: Paul Douglas Papers, Chicago History Museum
PDP722: Douglas Papers, Part I, Box 722, 1966 folder
PPP: Public Papers of the Presidents
RNLB: Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace, Yorba Linda, California
USNWR: U.S. News & World Report
WP: Washington Post
WSJ: Wall Street Journal

CHAPTER FIVE: LONG, HOT SUMMER 96 Early in the year a young:John Lewis, Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998), 373–74.
96 It was an old argument: Sally Avery Bermanzohn, “Violence, Nonviolence, and the U.S. Civil Rights Movement,” in Kenton Worcester, Sally Avery Bermanzohn and Mark Ungar, eds., Violence and Politics: Globalization’s Paradox (New York: Routledge, 2001). “If we can’t sit at the table”: Charles Silberman in Fortune, November 1965, in LBJCR, Reel 2.
96 Stokely Carmichael biography: James Haskins, Profiles in Black Power (New York: Doubleday, 1971), 185–202. “This proves,” he cried: E. J. Dionne, Why Americans Hate Politics (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991), 82.
97 “The murder of Samuel Younge”: Lewis, Walking with the Wind, 375.
97 Julian Bond, a SNCC activist: Ibid., 377.
97 “You don’t imitate white politics”: Haskins, Profiles in Black Power, 190. “We need someone who”: Lewis, Walking with the Wind, 383. The brackets were the New York Times’s: “Rights Unit Quits Parley in Capital,” NYT, May 24, 1966.
97 The previous Sunday, James Meredith: “Meredith Begins Mississippi Walk to Combat Fear,” NYT, June 6, 1966; Dan T. Carter, The Politics of Rage: George Wallace, the Origin of the New Conservatism, and the Transformation of American Politics (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996), 303. Early, inaccurate, reports: Paul Cowan, The Making of an Un-American (New York: Viking, 1970), 171. “Meredith Regrets He Was Not Armed”: NYT, June 8, 1966, 1.
97 Meredith sympathy march in general: David J. Garrow, Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (New York: Harper Perennial, 1999), 473–90; Lewis, Walking with the Wind, 387–89; NYT, June 6–28, 1966; USNWR, July 11, 1966; CBS News, “The March in Mississippi,” MTR (with video of “Black Power” speech).
98 “Meredith’s sacrifice might spur”: “Freedom March,” WP, June 8, 1966.
99 “a reverse Hitler”: Nation, August 8, 1966. Closing rally: CBS, “March in Mississippi”; ]“The ‘Color’ Line Closes on King,” LAT, July 3, 1966.](http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/496813072.html?dids=496813072:496813072&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jul+3%2C+1966&author=JACK+NELSON&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(1886-Current+File)&edition=&startpage=B1&desc=The+%27Color%27+Line+Closes+on+King)
99 Vietnam fuel depot bombings: Tom Wells, The War Within: America’s Battle over Vietnam (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 94, 99. The next week, at the LBJ Ranch: PPP 320, July 5, 1966.
99 What he did not mention: Wells, War Within, 98. “Your daddy may go down”: Ibid., 94.
100 For early history of the Vietnam War I rely on A. J. Langguth, Our Vietnam: The War, 1954–1975 (New York: Touchstone, 2000). For combat tactics I rely on Christian Appy, Working-Class War: American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993).](http://www.alibris.com/booksearch?qwork=7293583&matches=16&title=working+class+war&cm_sp=workslistingtitle) 100 Ho Chi Minh telegrams to Truman: Tom Bissell, “Was Uncle a Stalinist?” Old Town Review, December 2004, http://www.fluxfactory.org/otr/bissellhcm.htm. Richard Nixon, after a visit: Langguth, Our Vietnam, 77; Fawn Brodie, Richard Nixon: The Shaping of His Character (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), 322–23. Falter in Vietnam, Lyndon Johnson claimed: Michael Beschloss, Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes, 1963–1964 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998), 370.
101 216,400 U.S. and 13,100 North Vietnamese troops: Appy, Working-Class War, 210.
101 To warn VC, combat battalions: Ibid., 265. Marching at gunpoint to refugee camps: Langguth, Our Vietnam, 175.
101It was “the wrong war”: James T. Patterson, Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945–1965 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 231–32. “Within five years”: Langguth, Our Vietnam, 152. the actual number of troops: Appy, Working-Class War, 168.
102 The 1964 Special National Intelligence: Langguth, Our Vietnam, 318.
102 LBJ Johns Hopkins University speech: PPP 172, April 7, 1965. But according to a memo: Langguth, Our Vietnam, 350.
102 “Fort Hood Three”: Mary Hershberger, Jane Fonda’s War: A Political Biography of 
an Antiwar Icon (New York: New Press, 2005), 19–20; Wells, War Within, 99; Jerry Lembcke, The Spitting Image: Myth, Memory, and the Legacy of Vietnam (New York: NYU Press, 1998), 35.
102 Los Angeles Times columnist Paul Coates: “A Long Hot Weekend?” LAT, July 3, 1966.&edition=&startpage=B&desc=A+Long+Hot+Weekend%3F)
103 Chief Parker was in Sacramento: “Yorty and Parker Urge Riot Laws,” LAT, June 29, 1966.&edition=&startpage=3&desc=Yorty+and+Parker+Urge+Riot+Laws)
103 Riots broke out in places like: USNWR, July 18, 1966; “Policemen Stoned by Mob in Des Moines,” LAT, July 6, 1966.&edition=&startpage=6&desc=Policemen+Stoned+by+Mob+in+Des+Moines) In New York City: Tamar Jacoby, Someone Else’s House: America’s Unfinished Struggle for Integration (New York: Free Press, 1998), 94–95. In Miami, two factions: NYT, July 5, 1966.
103 In Baltimore, the Congress for Racial Equality: USNWR, July 25, 1966; Adam Cohen and Elizabeth Taylor, American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley: His Battle for Chicago and the Nation (Boston: Little, Brown, 2000), 380; LAT, July 3 and 5, 1966; “CORE Will Insist on Black Power,” NYT, July 5, 1966. The next week the worst prison: “1,000 Prison Inmates Riot in Baltimore,” LAT, July 9, 1966.&edition=&startpage=3&desc=1%2C000+Prison+Inmates+Riot+in+Baltimore) The NAACP met: “NAACP President Condemns Moves for ‘Black Power,’” LAT, July 6, 1966.&edition=&startpage=3&desc=NAACP+Director+Condemns+Moves+for+%27Black+Power%27)
103 The New York Times had predicted: “Brown and Reagan Both Seek Votes from the Other’s Party,” NYT, July 3, 1966. A thousand antiwar picketers: Bill Boyarsky, The Rise of Ronald Reagan (New York: Random House, 1968), 125.
103 Nebraska’s Democratic governor: USNWR, July 18, 1966. Then he toured Omaha’s: “Gov. Morrison of Nebraska Flies to Omaha from Coast Parley to Seek to Stem Racial Unrest,” July 6, 1966.
104 RFK and LBJ poll numbers: “Johnson, Kennedy Preferred over Three GOP Candidates,” LAT, July 7, 1966.&edition=&startpage=3&desc=Johnson%2C+Kennedy+Preferred+Over+Three+GOP+Candidates)
104 “Mr. President, regarding racial”: PPP 320, July 5, 1966.
104 “When we view the masses”: “Black Power Prophet; Stokely Carmichael,” NYT, August 5, 1966. Niggerhead Mountain: “Vermont Mountain to Retain Its Name,” NYT, July 6, 1966.
104 “Shots from one or two cars”: “Two Sacramento Negroes Shot Dead,” <<<LAT>>>July 6, 1966.&edition=&startpage=3&desc=Two+Sacramento+Negroes+Shot+Dead) Page one was monopolized: “Antiriot Bill; Assembly Approves Measure,” LAT, July 6, 1966&edition=&startpage=1&desc=ANTIRIOT+BILL); see also L.A. Sentinel, June 30, 1966, in which Mayor Yorty warns of “urban guerilla warfare this summer.”
105 The Fort Hood Three were abducted: Lembcke, Spitting Image, 35. U.S combat deaths: “U.S. Combat Deaths in Vietnam Hit 4,129,” LAT, July 8, 1966&edition=&startpage=7&desc=U.S.+COMBAT+DEATMS+IN+VIETNAM+HIT+4%2C129). “We’re going to have to take”: Robert Dallek, Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961–1973 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 312.
105 So married black couples: Cohen and Taylor, American Pharaoh, 392.
105 For history of race and Chicago housing see Arnold R. Hirsch, Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago, 1940–1960 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), and Dominic A. Pacyga, ed., The Chicago Bungalow (Chicago: Arcadia Publishing, 2003).
107 Letters to Paul Douglas: From James F. Nelson, June 16, 1966, and G. Dapuhnais, June 1966, in PDP722. 107 On July 10, Martin Luther King: Allen J. Matusow, The Unraveling of America: A History of Liberalism in the 1960s (New York: HarperCollins, 1984), 203; Cohen and Taylor, American Pharaoh, 382; Roger Biles, Richard J. Daley: Politics, Race, and the Governing of Chicago (De Kalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1995), 123. “They have no programs”:Mike Royko, Boss: Richard J. Daley of Chicago (New York: New American Library, 1971), 153.
107 Chicago riot generally: Nicholas Lemann, The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America (New York: Vintage, 1992), 238; “City Takes Steps to Avert Rioting,” NYT, July 15, 1966; USNWR, July 25, 1966; Cohen and Taylor, American Pharaoh, 387; Garrow, Bearing the Cross, 493 (for Mahalia Jackson story).
107 “Youths crashed through”: “900 Policemen Sent into Trouble Area of Chicago,” WP, July 14, 1966. “Hundreds of persons were hurling”: Washington Star, July 15, 1966. “A policeman, Donald Ingraham”: “Chicago Negro Snipers, Police Trade Gunfire,” WP, July 15, 1966.
108 The Chicago Tribune connected: “Murder in Multiple,” WP, July 15, 1966. “Last night there was a show”: M. R. Rosen to Douglas, PDP722.
108 “I think you can’t charge it”: Royko, Boss, 153.
108 There were smaller riots: USNWR, July 25, 1966. Its chairman, Howard: USNWR, August 8, 1966; Congressional Record 112, pt. 13, 16,834 and 16,837.
108 He also charged to his feet: Ibid.
108 On July 18 Evans and Novak: “Inside Report: Watts in Cement,” WP, July 18, 1966.
108 That night, in Cleveland: Walter Johnson, “The Night They Burned Old Hough,” Cleveland Neighborhoods on the Web, http://www.nhlink.net/ClevelandNeighborhoods/hough/Eyewitness2.htm. In Jacksonville, after a demonstration: “Riots Flare in 3 Cities, One Dead in Cleveland,” Washington Star, July 19, 1966. Humphrey speech: James L. Sunquist, Politics and Policy: The Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson Years (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1968), 285. The next day, a thousand members: “1000 Ohio Guardsmen Ordered to Cleveland,” WP, July 20, 1966. two thousand more Illinois Guardsmen: Cohen and Taylor, American Pharaoh, 391. “It really is almost impossible”: United States Congress, Civil Rights: Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, Second Session, on S. 329 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966), July 19 testimony.
109 The next day a roller-skating: “Negro Boy, 11, Shot to Death in Brooklyn,” CT, July 22, 1966&edition=&startpage=5&desc=NEGRO+BOY%2C+11%2C+SHOTTO+DEATH+IN+BROOKLYN). Mayor Lindsay traveled to East New York: USNWR, August 1, 1966; Jacoby, Someone Else’s House, 96; J. Cannato, The Ungovernable City: John Lindsay and the Battle to Save New York (New York: Basic Books, 2003), 120–25.
110 At the Sherman House Hotel: Chicago’s American, July 22, 1966. In an ornate reception room: Cannato, Ungovernable City, 124–25. A nightclub in the Bohemian: Chicago’s American, July 23, 1966. In Cleveland, white vigilantes: “Rioting in Cleveland Follows Watts Script,” LAT, July 31, 1966.&edition=&startpage=D2&desc=Rioting+in+Cleveland+Followed+Watts+Script)
110 Miranda v. State of Arizona dissents: Patterson, Grand Expectations, 631. Truman Capote testimony: Chicago Sun-Times, July 22, 1966. “I was distressed a few days ago”: USNWR, August 8, 1966.
111 “The housing program is too small”: “A Time for Candor,” WSJ, July 27, 1966. 111 A Cuyahoga County grand jury: USNWR, August 22, 1966. North Amityville mob: “Police Attacked in Suburban L.I.,” NYT, July 29, 1966.
111 “They didn’t need any Communists”: “Cleveland Study of Riot Deplored,” NYT, August 11, 1966. U.S. Commission on Civil Rights hearings: United States Commission on Civil Rights, Hearings Before the United States Commission on Civil Rights: Hearing Held in Cleveland, Ohio, April 1–7, 1966 (Washington, DC: The Commission, 1966).
112 Frank Lausche–Stephen Young debate: Congressional Record 112, pt. 13, 17,410–11.
112 Senator Lausche keynoted: “Racial Riots Planned, Lausche Says; Fears Harm to Negro Rights Movement,” CT, July 28, 1966.&edition=&startpage=12&desc=Racial+Riots+Planned%2C+Sen.+Lausche+Says)
113 “We’ve reached a point”: USNWR, August 15, 1966. U.S. News set their readers: USNWR, August 22, 1966.
113 A chaplain of the Maryland: Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Civil Rights: Hearings Before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-ninth Congress, Second Session, on S. 3296, July 20 testimony. He begged Senate Appropriations chair: “Inside Report: LBJ and the Cities,” WP, August 10, 1966.
113 “Ronald Reagan, Extremist Collaborator”: Totton J. Anderson and Eugene C. Lee, “The 1966 Election in California,” Western Political Quarterly 20 (June 1967); Joseph Lewis, What Makes Reagan Run?: A Political Profile (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968), 129. Reagan had long ago: See, for example, “Reagan Enters Gubernatorial Race in California,” NYT, January 5, 1966. “The Bircher isn’t identifiable”: Lewis, What Makes Reagan Run?, 132.
114 Brown opened his general-election: Boyarsky, Rise of Ronald Reagan, 124; “Brown Tells Goals as He Opens Drive,” LAT, September 6, 1966&edition=&startpage=3&desc=Brown+Tells+Goals+as+He+Opens+Drive). “In Paris they no longer”: “Reagan Wooing the Farm Voters,” NYT, September 16, 1966.
114 Brown spoke at the Los Angeles: “Inside Report: The Anti-Welfare State,” WP, September 22, 1966.
114 “Working men and women”: Boyarsky, Rise of Ronald Reagan, 139. If California’s welfare system: James Q. Wilson, “A Guide to Reagan Country: The Political Culture of Southern California,” Commentary, May 1967. Women told him they: “Atlantic Report: California,” Atlantic Monthly, August 1966. He remembered, too: Ibid. “The $5 you saved”: “Reagan Handles His Role as a Political Amateur like an Old Pro,” NYT, October 2, 1966. The Los Angeles Times did an investigation: “Realism Needed in Welfare Criticism,” LAT, March 7, 1966.&edition=&startpage=A4&desc=Realism+Needed+in+Welfare+Criticism)
115 In the agricultural San Joaquin: “Reagan Wooing the Farm Voters,” NYT.
115 “Able-bodied men”: “Inside Report: The Anti-Welfare State,” WP.
115 The Associated Press was reporting: “GOP Leaders Give Nixon an Edge for 1968,” NYT, September 16, 1966.
115 Richard Nixon passed through Los Angeles: ]“Nixon Sees Big G.O.P. Victory,” LAT, June 24, 1966](http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/496754952.html?dids=496754952:496754952&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jun+24%2C+1966&author=RICHARD+BERGHOLZ&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(1886-Current+File)&edition=&startpage=1&desc=Nixon+Sees+Big+GOP+Victory). Then came the more important: Stephen Ambrose, Nixon, Vol. 2: The Triumph of a Politician, 1962–1972 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989), 83; Maurice Stans, The Terrors of Justice: The Untold Side of Watergate (Washington: Brassey’s, 1995), 130. The airplane problem had been: Ibid. 115 The Baltimore Sun’s Jules Witcover: Reporter, August 11, 1966. Detroit: Ibid., 134–38. “this man never seemed”: Jules Witcover, The Resurrection of Richard Nixon (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1970), 132.
116 Perhaps Pat thought of the time: Brodie, Richard Nixon, 420.
116 “Happy birthday, Mum”: Mark Shields column, June 15, 2002.
116 Don Riegle: Witcover, Resurrection of Richard Nixon, 141–42.
116 Tulsa: Ibid., 143–44; USNWR, October 3, 1966.
117 Atlantic Monthly called Vietnam: Atlantic Monthly, September 1966. Polls showed 38 percent: CWA poll, PDP, Box 1116/Misc Correspondence. For months, he’d said: “Nixon Says ‘Appeasement Line’ Will Be G.O.P. Target in Vote,” NYT, January 31, 1966; “Nixon Says G.O.P. Has Good Chance of Winning in ’68,” NYT, May 27, 1966. By late June, however: “Nixon Sees Big G.O.P. Victory,” LAT, June 24, 1966.&edition=&startpage=1&desc=Nixon+Sees+Big+GOP+Victory)
117 In Chicago, on July 29: David Garrow, Chicago 1966: Open Housing Marches, Summit Negotiations, and Operation Breadbasket (Brooklyn: Carlson, 1989); Cohen and Taylor, American Pharaoh, 392; interview with Don Rose.
117 Senator Paul Douglas received: PDP722.
118 Five hundred marchers: Lemann, Promised Land, 238; Cohen and Taylor, American Pharaoh, 393–94.
118 A neighborhood newspaper: Southwest News-Herald, August 4, 1966, PDP722.
118 On Tuesday, Pat, Julie: “Chanel and Cardin Share Spotlight in Paris,” NYT, July 30, 1966. A news brief noted: “Nixon to See Pope Today,” NYT, August 1, 1966. “Former Vice President Nixon met”: “Nixon Sees Pakistani Chief,” NYT, August 4, 1966. Daley meeting with Bungalow Belt leaders: Royko, Boss, 155; Cohen and Taylor, American Pharaoh, 393–94.
119 August 5. Six hundred: Ibid., 395–96; Lemann, Promised Land, 238.
119 White neighborhood kids started battling police: Clipping from Chicago’s American, August 6, 1966, in PDP722. an inattentive newspaper reader: letter from 7136 S. Francisco, August 8, 1966, PDP722.
120 “There must be some way”: Royko, Boss, 157.
120 “Don’t vote for Democrats!”: Ibid.; Biles, Richard J. Daley, 128.
120 Richard Nixon was in Saigon: “Nixon, in Saigon, Bids U.S. Bare Goals,” NYT, August 6, 1966. “If Mob Rule Takes Hold”: USNWR, August 15, 1966.
120 Mathias compromise: “Congress May Ease Housing Bias Curb to Pass Rights Bill,” NYT, June 9, 1966. Dan Rostenkowski, one of the: Jake to LBJ, August 10, 1966, 8 p.m., LBJCR, Reel 3. His Bungalow Belt colleague: USNWR, August 22, 1966.
121 special interests such as the real estate: “Realtors’ Lobby Calls for Fight on Open Housing,” NYT, July 29, 1966. “mass brainwashing” just like “in Nazi”: United States Congress, Civil Rights, 1966: Hearings Before Subcommittee No. 5, Eighty-ninth Congress, Second Session (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966), statement from W. B. Hicks, May 24 testimony. “when a colored boy rapes”: Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Civil Rights: Hearings Before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-ninth Congress, Second Session, on S. 3296, June 9 testimony. “Social Security widow in my district”: House, Civil Rights, 1966, May 10 testimony.
121 “It is strange, although”: “The Wages of Hatred,” WSJ, July 18, 1966. Sam Ervin reported: Senate, Hearings Before a Subcommittee, July 13 testimony.
121 On July 25: Congressional Records 112, pt. 13, July 25 House proceedings.
122 When the Mathias Amendment: “Exemption of 60% in Open Housing Voting by House,” NYT, August 4, 1966. The bill was sent to the Senate: “Civil Rights Bill Passed by House in Vote of 259–157,” NYT, August 10, 1966. Detroit, Lansing violence: USNWR, August 22, 1966. In Cleveland, the grand jury: “Cleveland Riots Linked to Reds,” NYT, August 10, 1966. in Grenada, Mississippi: “White Mob Routs Grenada Negroes,” NYT, August 10, 1966. In Philadelphia that week: USNWR, August 15.
122 And in the Senate: “Civil Rights Bill Will Pass: Dirksen; Open Housing Clause May Be Missing,” CT, August 8, 1966.&edition=&startpage=13&desc=Civil+Rights+Bill+Will+Pass%3A+Dirksen)
122 Even Paul Douglas started: Speech in PDP, Box 1108, “Civil Rights Protection Act 1966” folder. The previous year, Martin Luther King: PDP, Box 1007, “Proposed Brochure—Civil Rights.”
122 “It is my firm belief”: From 4476 S. Mozart, August 9, 1966, PDP722.
122 “Is the ultimate aim”: From Rudolph R. Kostelny, August 5, 1966, PDP722.
123 “If our present leaders”: From Mrs. E. C. Zeltmann, August 5, 1966, PDP722.
123 “IT IS TIME TO CHANGE”: From 7134 S. Avers, August 5, 1966, PDP722.
123 In Chicago, movement Turks: Cohen and Taylor, American Pharaoh, 397. This very summer: Ibid., 398. Another King deputy: Ibid., 414.
123 An August 17 meeting: Ibid., 401–12; Biles, Mayor Richard J. Daley, 130; Royko, Boss, 157. Daley presented his doughy mug: Cohen and Taylor, American Pharaoh, 414. “We believe sir, that unless”: From Edward J. Pasciak family, PDP722. The Cook County sheriff: Cohen and Taylor, American Pharaoh, 416.
123 The Klan received a permit: Ibid. He went to the Palmer House: Royko, Boss, 158. 123 “When greedy Mr. Hitler”: From Jeannine L. Bartell, August 31, 1966, PDP722.
123 “When you talk of Black Power”: USNWR, August 22, 1966. “In Cleveland, they’re building”: USNWR, September 12, 1966 (quoting Associated Press reports). Senator Abraham Ribicoff opened: “Urban ‘Crisis’ Will Be Studied at Hearings Called by Ribicoff,” LAT, August 2, 1966&edition=&startpage=8&desc=Article+1+--+No+Title); Frederick G. Dutton, Changing Sources of Power: American Politics in the 1970s (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971), 128. “Katzenbach Warns Senate 30 or 40”: NYT, August 18, 1966. The U.S. News roundup ran: USNWR, October 3, 1966. The liberal Sacramento Bee: “Opinion at Home and Abroad,” NYT, Week in Review, August 7, 1966. Joseph Alsop: “A Modest Proposal I,” “A Modest Proposal II,” “A Modest Proposal III,” WP, August 1, 3, 5, 1966.
124 He gave a speech to the Fraternal: Carter, Politics of Rage, 305.
124 After one broke out in Waukegan: “Inside Report: Dirksen vs. the Moderates,” WP, September 16, 1966.
124 That August was a watershed: This paragraph is drawn from the argument of Edward G. Carmine and James A. Stimson, Issue Evolution: Race and the Transformation of American Politics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990). One official party brochure: CQ Political Notes, June 11, 1965.
125 Evans and Novak reported: “Inside Report: Ford’s Lemming Instinct,” WP, August 12, 1966. Ford began the press conference: Congressional Record 112, pt. 13, 17,767.
126 In Chicago, John Hoellen: “Inside Report: Dirksen vs. the Moderates.” In the Saturday Evening Post: “Percy vs. Douglas,” Saturday Evening Post, November 5, 1966.
126 “While you sit on your butt”: No date, answered October 31, 1966, PDP722.
126 In his turn at the Los Angeles: “Nixon Sees Big G.O.P. Victory,” LAT, June 24, 1966&edition=&startpage=1&desc=Nixon+Sees+Big+GOP+Victory). Nixon, speaking at the Hilton: “Nixon Says Voters Will Turn to GOP,” CT, July 22, 1966&edition=&startpage=1&desc=Nixon+Says+Voters+Will+Turn+to+G.O.P.). “I want everyone in California”: “Politicos Look at Race Issue,” LAT, July 5, 1966.&edition=&startpage=A4&desc=Politicos+Look+at+Race+Issue)
126 Then, when the bill was debated: “Nixon Deplores Extremism in Civil Rights,” LAT, February 13, 1964&edition=&startpage=2&desc=Nixon+Deplores+Extremism+in+Civil+Rights). Went through his whole thesis: Richard Reeves, President Nixon: Alone in the White House (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 110 And he was an ex officio member: “Nixon Says ‘Appeasement Line’ Will Be G.O.P. Target in Vote,” NYT, January 31, 1966.