nixonland9
ABBREVIATIONS
BPP: Berrigan Brothers Papers, Cornell University Special Collections, Ithaca, New York
CDN: Chicago Daily News
CT: Chicago Tribune
LAT: Los Angeles Times
LBJCR: “Civil Rights During the Johnson Administration, 1963–1969: A collection from the holdings of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Austin, Texas” (microfilm)
MIP: Files on the events of 1970 collected by Maurice Isserman, in possession of author
MTR: Museum of Television and Radio, New York City
NLT: Nixon Library Tapes transcribed by author, National Archives, College Park, Maryland
NYDN: New York Daily News
NYT: New York Times
NYTM: New York Times Magazine
PDP: Paul Douglas Papers, Chicago History Museum
PDP722: Douglas Papers, Part I, Box 722, 1966 folder
PPP: Public Papers of the Presidents
RNLB: Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace, Yorba Linda, California
USNWR: U.S. News & World Report
WP: Washington Post
WSJ: Wall Street Journal
CHAPTER NINE: "Summer of Love"
185 “youth drew attention to itself”: Nicholas Von Hoffman, We Are the People Our Parents Warned Us Against (New York: Quadrangle Books, 1968), 1.
185 Hippies in Detroit: Jeff A. Hale, “The White Panthers’ ‘Total Assault on the Culture,’” in Peter Braunstein and Michael William Doyle, eds., Imagine Nation: The American Counterculture of the 1960s and ’70s (New York: Routledge, 2001), 124–56.
185 “Lindsay sees the hippies”: Vincent J. Cannato, The Ungovernable City: John Lindsay and the Battle to Save New York (New York: Basic Books, 2003), 144. August Heckscher: Ibid., 146.
186 Sinatra, Hendrix, Carl Wilson, Mick Jagger: John Tobler, This Day in Rock: Day by Day Record of Rock’s Biggest News Stories (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1993).
186 Kenneth Tynan: Jon Wiener, “A Day in the Life: Sgt. Pepper Turns 40,” March 31, 2007. Paul McCartney said in an interview: Life, June 9, 1967; “Beatle McCartney Admits Taking LSD,” WP, June 18, 1967. “LSD should be shunned”: Thomas Schultheiss, A Day in the Life; The Beatles Day-By-Day, 1960–1970 (Ann Arbor, MI: Pierian Press, 1980), 183.
186 “It would be ironic, indeed”: Robert Sam Anson, McGovern: A Biography (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1972), 164.
186 “On May 2, the chief of the city’s”: “Eclipse May Trigger Riot, Probers Told,” CT, May 3, 1967.&edition=&startpage=C13&desc=ELIPSE+MAY+TRIGGER+RIOT%2C+PROBERS+TOLD)
187 On May 4 the sheriff of Cook County: CT, May 5, 1967&edition=&startpage=4&desc=SHERIFF+GETS+KIWANIS+AWARD). “The crowd rose like a tornado”: CT, May 22, 1967&edition=&startpage=1&desc=S.+Side+Mob+Fights+Cops). “The bystanders got my message”: Garry Wills, The Second Civil War: Arming for Armageddon (New York: New American Library, 1968), 91.
187 “Dig your trenches”: CT, May 8, 1967.&edition=&startpage=D1&desc=Riots+in+Milwaukee+Due%2C+Priest+Asserts)
187 “The Kentucky Derby will be run”: “National Guard Promised for Derby,” CT, May 3, 1967&edition=&startpage=C1&desc=NATIONAL+GUARD+PROMISED+FOR+DERBY).
187 Or Birmingham, where Stokely Carmichael: Dan T. Carter, The Politics of Rage: George Wallace, the Origin of the New Conservatism, and the Transformation of American Politics (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996), 306. Or New York, where sixteen members: Cannato, Ungovernable City, 131. At the NAACP convention in Boston: Milwaukee Sentinel, July 14, 1967.
187 Black Panther origins: Michael Newton, Bitter Grain: Huey Newton and the Black Panther Party (Los Angeles: Holloway House, 1980); Hugh Pearson, Shadow of a Panther: Huey Newton and the Price of Black Power in America (New York: Addison-Wesley, 1994).
188 “The Dog Cops made no attempt”: Phillip Foner, ed., The Black Panthers Speak (New York: Da Capo Press, 1995), 9–12. “You should go to the legislature”: Newton, Bitter Grain, 25.
188 “What are you doing with the guns?”: Ibid., 18.; Pearson, Shadow of a Panther, 114.
188 After the riots in San Francisco: Newton, Bitter Grain, 17. See also William J. Bopp, ed., The Police Rebellion: A Quest for Blue Power (Springfield, IL: Charles H. Thomas, 1971), San Francisco chapter.
189 “Gunmen Invade W. Coast Capitol”: CT, May 3, 1967&edition=&startpage=1&desc=Gunmen+Invade+W.+Coast+Capitol); Newton, Bitter Grain, 30; Pearson, Shadow of a Panther, 129–33.
189 My account of the Newark riot comes from Ron Porambo, No Cause for Indictment: An Autopsy of Newark (New York: Holt, 1971; republished in 2007 by Melville House); Michael Flamm, Law and Order: Street Crime, Civil Unrest, and the Crisis of Liberalism in the 1960s (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005), 85–88; Milwaukee Star, July 22, 1967; Wills, Second Civil War, 58. See Bud Lee’s photograph of Joey Bass at http://www.budleepicturemaker.com/race/racepicts_02.htm.
194 My account of the Detroit riot comes from Flamm, Law and Order, 88–93; oral history with Cyrus Vance at http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/Vance-C/DetroitReport.asp; Wills, Second Civil War; Frank A. Aukofer, City with a Chance (Milwaukee: Bruce Publishing Co., 1968), 2; and Cyrus Vance’s report for the president, at http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/
oralhistory.hom/Vance-C/DetroitReport.asp.
195 There followed an early skirmish: Flamm, Law and Order, 91–93.
196 Asked at his July 18 news conference: PPP 312, July 18, 1967.
196 Ben Wattenberg: Flamm, Law and Order, 9.
197 The same hot week in New York: Cannato, Ungovernable City, 135–46.
197 H. Rap Brown speech: Peter B. Levy, ed., America in the Sixties—Left, Right, and Center: A Documentary History (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998), 92–95; Pearson, Shadow of a Panther, 139; Wills, Second Civil War, 26–34.
197 In Philadelphia cops got garbage cans: Ibid., 40, 88. A rumor flashed that Washington: Ibid., 42.
197 “Civil rats!”: Robert Hendrickson, More Cunning Than Man: A Complete History of the Rat and Its Role in Human Civilization (New York: Stein and Day, 1983), 119; NYT, June 23, 1967; July 19, 21, 25, 28, 1967; August 1, 6, 8, 9, 11, 1967.
198 “Push ahead full tilt”: Taylor Branch, Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963–1965 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998), 175.
198 When polled in 1961: Kenneth Baer, Reinventing Democrats: The Politics of Liberalism from Reagan to Clinton (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2000), 17. A White House study found: Herbert Parmet, Richard Nixon and His America (New York: Little, Brown, 1989, 487.
198 Albert Cleage: Wills, Second Civil War, 132. “Are YOU READY NOW”: Ibid.
198 NRA and Dodd Bill: “Glory of Guns,” Time, August 25, 1967.
199 Cabinet meeting on riots: Flamm, Law and Order, 94–95.
199 A Justice Department memo: Clark to Vinson, August 18, 1967, LBJCR, Reel 4. “shoot him down—boom”: Saul Stern, “The Call of the Panthers,” NYTM, August 6, 1967.